"浸"數呔 (輪胎層級), 何為"浸"數? Ply rating in commercial tires

 *English version below*

曾經有兩個電話 (懷疑係同一人) 打黎, 

第一人

👨: "您地貨van呔係咪8浸呔, 要8浸呔, 貨van先驗到車"
👀: "平時裝開貨van呔夠磅就驗到車喎?"
👨: "係夠磅呀, 不過要8浸"

第二人

👨: "您地有冇8浸呔, 話要8浸呔先驗到車"

👀: "有8浸呔, 唔駛8浸都驗到車"

其實我好少會同啲唔熟既人去爭論一樣野. 都曾經同過一間話自己做車行咁多年既老細, 問佢點解一定要 106/104 先可以驗到貨van. 而佢既答覆只係 "因為驗車個個人講, 我做左咁多年, 就係一定要咁先驗到", 但又答唔到我點解貨van 呔會有兩個負重 106 / 104

係未深入了解 "浸" 數之前, 先講下貨van 一定要 "8浸" 先驗到車呢個問題.

1. 現時市場上被列入輕型貨車系列 :

    a.     電動貨van 日產env-200

        跟車呔係 185/65 R15 92V Goodyear, 係一款私家車呔, 冇浸數.

    b.    現代貨van Staria (新款貨van)

        跟車呔係 215/65 R17 108H, Kumho PorTran KC53,  冇浸數顯示.

    c.    豐田 Hiace 300 

        跟車呔係 215/70 R16C 石橋 貨van 呔, (歐盟標籤顯示只得6浸)

上面全部都唔係 8"浸" 呔, 唔通可以批到有問題既全新車入黎香港銷售?

佢一定係到暗示緊, 215/70 R16C 有好多貨van 呔都過唔到驗車, 包括 石橋, 東洋個啲, 只係得好少啲先過到驗車................................

如果係以前仲用緊有內膽既呔 ("帆布呔", bias-ply) , 就的確係注重 "浸"數呢樣野. "浸"數係"帆布呔"年代, 直接反映出個條呔有幾多層 (結構), 可以負重幾多. 越多"浸"就負重越多.

而家既年代係用緊 "鉛子呔" (可能有啲人會叫 "空心", radial tires). 設計上既物料已經有足夠承托力, 其呔肚位顯示既 "浸"數代表住條呔有幾 "硬正", 已經不再是講緊條呔入面有幾多層.

係香港驗貨van, 都需要跟據輪胎上所示既負重去驗車. 雖然 374A 冇特別提到輪胎負重字眼 (但要裝岩負重係常識吧?), 更沒有提到一定要 "浸數" (只提到有關結構 及適當大小及設計的充氣輪胎), 但由於 "浸數" 已經不再是有關鉛子呔的幾多層問題, 對於負重已無直接關係. (有情況下, 某牌子6浸係有可能負重大於其他牌子的8浸)

如果個位係一名車主的話, 我建議您問多幾十間呔鋪睇下佢地點答您. 反正我講完您都唔會信. 問多幾十間, 您應該自然會信.

-----------------------------------------------------

Over the past years, there were two ppl called up and asked:

First peson

👨: "Does your van tire have 8 ply rating? Only 8 ply rating can pass light goods vehicle inspection"

👀: "The commercial tire that I installed on van have more than enough loading index to pass"

👨: "Yes, but need 8 ply rating"

Second person

👨: "Do you have 8 ply rating van tire? I heard that only 8 ply rating van tire can pass the inspection"

👀: "We got the 8 ply rating, but it is not necessary to be 8 ply for passing."

I rarely argue about something with those whom I am not familiar with. An owner of a vehicle dealer told me that he needs the loading index to be 106/104 in order to pass the inspection. His explanation was "somebody in the inspection center told him it has to be 106/104. I had been in this area for so many years, and this had to be the way", and yet he failed to explain why commercial tire has two loading index. 

Before talking about ply rating, check out the below light goods vehicle to find out about 8 ply rating queries.

1. Nissan env-200 electric van

    Original equipped tires were 185/65 R15 92V Goodyear, a passenger car tire without ply rating stated.

2. Hyundai Staria (new van model)

    Original equipped tires were 215/65 R17 108H Kumho PorTran KC53, without ply rating stated.

    c.    Toyota Hiace 300 

           Original equipped Bridgestone 217/70 R16C R660A, EU label stated it only has 6 ply rating.       

All the above light goods vehicle are without 8 ply rating tires equipped. Is it possible to have a failure equipment approved to enter Hong Kong market for sales? 

Is he trying to tell me that 215/70 R16C only a few tire model available approved to be installed on van.

Those such as Bridgestone, Toyo only have 6 ply rating.

Two/three decades ago where bias-ply tire still in used, ply rating is an important indicator to check if it can be installed. It implies how many layers does a tire have. The higher the rating, the higher load it can support the vehicle.

However, this generation is using radial tires (without anything inside). The design and materials provide sufficient strength to the radial tire (which shows as loading index). The ply rating on the radical tire implies how "strong" the tire is, but it's not about the layers of the tire anymore.

To pass the inspection, you only need to check out the loading index. Although 374A does not clearly specifies tire loading index (but it's common sense right?), nor specify ply rating (only structure of tire and appropriate tire size and design are stated), the ply rating is no longer directly related to radial tire loading index, and hence does not need to check the ply rating for regulation. (some brand with 6 ply rating might even have higher loading index than 8 ply)

輪胎胎紋的寬度, 同一寬度尺寸, 為何部分輪胎看似比其他較大或細? (持續更新) Tire width, with the same width size, why some models appear larger or smaller? (to be updated continuously)

 *English version below*

有部分人曾經都提過有關輪胎寬度問題. 新購買同一尺寸的輪胎對比下, 看似比較寬身/窄身.

❓係肉眼上既錯覺 , 定 實際尺寸真係有唔同?  

今次我會幫大家搜羅, 盡量每一個尺寸, 每一款 (就算係同牌子), 唔同製造地點都度下到底條條呔既寬度係咪真係有分別. 

🚙係呢樣之前, 要先幫大家重新了解一下, 輪胎既寬度

**注: 由於係用人手, 用拉尺去度, 一定會有誤差. 另外, 輪胎寬度應該係以裝左上呔鈴, 有足夠輪胎氣壓, 未有裝上汽車前測量. 只可用作為參考之用. 今次只係想睇下, 咁多款呔下其實只係我地肉眼上既錯覺, 覺得一啲呔好似比另一款呔較大/較細.

**特別注意既係, 一款同一尺寸, 同一製造地點, 但唔同製造日期, 係會有機會有輕微誤差. 過去係某啲輪胎廠係根據製造日期批次去回收有問題既輪胎.

肉眼上既錯覺 (optical illusion), 其中必定會了解到 "Müller-Lyer illusion" 及 "Ponzo illusion" - 兩條相同既橫線但看起來好似一長一短, 及兩條相同既直線看起來一高一底.

普通既直線都會令到視覺上產生錯覺. (大部分) 輪胎 (我個人認為) 都係一樣. 胎紋上既設計, 包括主要排水紋及其他周邊細少既槽會影響視覺上睇出黎既寬度.

而呔肚位上所示既寬度, 其實係由一邊既呔肚位去到另一邊既呔肚位, 並非係呔紋既寬度. 所以, 一條 205/55 R16 既寬度為 205mm, 接觸地面既呔紋並非係 205mm.

呔肚位所示既寬度有國際認可要求. (下文叫佢做"總寬度"), 但呔紋的寬度並沒有特別固定要求. 但暫時我所量度既呔款當中, 大家呔紋的寬度其實都係差不多相同.

(輪胎所示既總寬度, 上圖輪胎尺寸為 205/65 R15)

上圖所顯示的兩款不同輪胎, 其實肉眼上既寬度看似不一樣(相可能睇唔出), 但量度下, 呔紋寬度及總寬度都係差不多一樣. 而總寬度都係205mm

相信唔少人都會察覺到, 係 www.tyrehood.com 能夠俾您選擇既寬度, 每個寬度之間都差 10mm. 

根據European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO), Tire and Rim Association (TRA) , 每個尺寸製造出 10mm 之差, 其實有多個原因. 當中, 10mm 之差先會令輪胎有些少增加性能(e.g. 咬地性能) 

除此之外, 輪胎寬度都有 "可接受範圍". 應該係大約3%之間. (e.g. 205) 總寬度都有機會可能係 198mm, 211mm etc

有可能呢個原因, 引致部分呔睇落好似有些少窄身啲或寬身啲

問題黎啦 ❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓

Q1: 會唔會每一款既同一尺寸輪胎都會有不同既呔紋寬度呢? 
Q1a: 會唔會每一個牌子其實都有一個特定既標準去製造出呔紋寬度呢?

👀

Q2: 每個尺寸既總寬度都有10mm 之差, 會唔會有部分輪胎尺寸總寬度寫 (e.g. 255), 但實際可能係 250mm? 更有可能係246mm ? 大於"可接受範圍"?

👀

Q3: 有冇可能兩個不同尺寸 e.g. 205/55 R16 vs 215/55 R16, 總寬度相差 10mm, 但呔紋寬度係一樣長?

👀

Ans: 呢個就係我今次會幫大家收集既數據. 下回分解.

1) Bridgestone 石橋 Potenza Sport, 235/35 R19, 歐洲製

呔紋闊度 大約 230mm

總闊度 235mm, 度落好似 240mm (上圖並非度總闊度)

2) Pirelli 派拉利 255/45 R19 Pzero4, 歐洲製

                             (圖1, PZ4 MO)                                                        (圖2, PZ4 T0)

 

   

                           (圖1a, PZ4 MO, 總闊度)                                   (圖2a, PZ4 T0, 總闊度)

                       總闊度: 約 260mm - 265mm                         總闊度: 約 260mm - 265mm

                            度落好似270mm                                                   度落好似270mm

兩者之間明明相同尺寸, 但標記不一. 設計上會有唔同. T0 (專為Tesla 設計, 圖2) 的呔肚位設計近鈴邊位較為突出, 能夠覆蓋原配 Tesla 呔鈴邊. 但MO (專為Benz 計設, 圖1), 呔肚位設計有些少不同, 令到安裝在 Tesla 後凹左少少.

更多有關輪胎標記可以係網站了解更多.

https://www.tyrehood.com/tyremarking.php

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Some have enquired about the physical width of a tyre. Purchasing the same size, why different models look wider or narrower than the other?

❓ Is it an optical illusion, or the size physically really different?

This time I will try to gather as much data as possible, with different sizes, different model and different manufacturing place to ascertain if the width of each tyre (even of the same brand) really has a difference.

🚙But before that, let's understand more about TIRE WIDTH

**Note: There will be a human error in measuring the width of the tire (using measuring tape). The standard of measuring tire width is supposed under the following conditions:

- Has installed on a rim
- Sufficient tire pressure
- No loading.

Hence, this experiment is just for reference with no accurate data. It is supposed to find out if the look of a tire that looks narrower or wider is simply due to optical illusion.

**Another Note: A batch of same size, same model, same manufacturing place but different manufacturing date could have a slight variation on the measurement. After all, tire manufacturer recall tires based on manufacturing date. 

Talks about optical illusion, we will surely come across "Müller-Lyer illusion" and "Ponzo illusion" - Two horizontal lines with the same length but one looks longer and the other one look shorter, 
and Two vertical lines with the same height, but one looks higher, the other one looks shorter.

In this way, I believe that (most) tires that look wider or narrower due to tread design with different styles of rib, block, sipe.

The width of the tyre shown on the sidewall is actually the length between one point of the tyre (inner) sidewall, to the other point of the (outer) sidewall. The width shown IS NOT tire tread width.

Therefore, a 205/55 R16 tyre has a 205mm width. The tire tread width that touch the ground IS NOT 205mm

The measurement of the tire size has an international standard. But tire tread width does not have a fixed standard. So far, the tire sizes that I have measured by now have around the same tread width and overall width.

(Tire width shown with red lines. Both tires are 205/65 R15)

The two tires shown on the above image actually looks physically different in width. (You may not see it inside the photo). But both tire tread width and overall width (which is 205mm) are the same after measurement. 

Some may discover that www.tyrehood.com only allows you to select a width with 10mm increment. According to European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO), Tire and Rim Association (TRA) , tire should be manufactured at least 10mm difference due to a varies of reasons. One of them is a 10mm difference can only prove to have slight improvement of performance (e.g. traction).

In addition, the width of the tire size also have a tolerance of around 3%. (e.g. 205) overall width, actual physical width could be 198mm, 211mm etc.

As such, this may result in some tire model looks narrower or wider.

 ❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓❓

Q1: Does each model have different tire tread width?

Q1a: Does each brand actually have their own standard for tire tread width?

👀

Q2: With an 10mm difference in width, will there be tires with size overall width (e.g. 255), but actual physical width is 250mm, or even narrower, 246mm in which greater than the international tolerance?

👀

Q3: For two different size e.g. 205/55 R16 vs 215/55 R16, overall width is 10mm but tire tread width is the same?

👀

Ans: The answer is going to reveal next time after data gathering.

1) Bridgestone Potenza Sport, 235/35 R19, Made in Europe

Tire tread width around 230mm

Overall width 235mm. Measurement looks like 240mm 

(above image does not measure overall width)

2) Pirelli  255/45 R19 Pzero4, Made in Europe

                             (Image 1, PZ4 MO)                                            (Image 2, PZ4 T0)

 

   

                  (Image 1a, PZ4 MO, Overall width)                  (Image 2a, PZ4 T0, Overall width)

          Overall width: around 260mm - 265mm           Overall width : around 260mm - 265mm

                Measurement looks like 270mm                            Measurement looks like 270mm

Both sizes having (should be) the same measurement with different tire labelling, tire design will be slightly different. T0 (design for Tesla), its sidewall near the rim is more extruded, covering up Tesla original rim. On the other hand, MO (design for Benz) the design of the sidewall is slightly different. Hence, it appears to be more inward.

For more details about tire marking, you can access to the below webpage for detail:

https://www.tyrehood.com/en/tyremarking.php

正規補呔方法其實係內補? 內補係萬能? The appropriate way of tyre patch is internal patch? Internal patch can resolve everything?

 (English version below)

補呔, 每個駕駛車渣幾年車都一定會試過一次. 您未試過唔代表永遠都唔會. 係香港, 私家車普通中左釘後, 會吉支俗稱"牛筋" 填補個位後, 又續行駛.

但其實, 根據(所有國家)輪胎廠商既維修輪胎指引 

1. 正常補呔方法係內補 

英國, 美國輪胎製造商協會表明, 內補, 先係叫修補輪胎. 係呔出面吉支針落去唔係叫修補.

係香港, 吉"牛筋" 已經係好多年既習慣. 就連您拖車番原廠都係吉"牛筋", 盛惠 $100. 係香港既習慣係要 快 & 平. 拆出黎內補再裝番成個程序需時可能要最快15分鐘. 平均可能30分鐘. 至於內補分為冷補, 熱補個啲我就唔多講.

但呢到既香港, 中釘次數係多過世界各地. 若一條 15" 中國牌子既呔係 $500/條. 車主中左3次釘, 內補既價錢足夠佢買過一條全新既呔. 

而家普通吉支針, 都仲可能玩到兩三年(視情況而定). 兩三年有好多平日渣車既車主都已經玩完一條呔. 仲會想內補?

2. 修補輪胎指引列明太大及呔邊位不能修補

美國輪胎製造商協會列明, 不修補中釘位超過6mm直徑 的位置. 不修補呔肚位/呔邊位(sidewall)及類近呔肚位的位置(下圖紅色圈住).

英國輪胎製造商協會列明, 若修補呔邊位, 需要被真-專業公司去修補. 仲可能需要重新翻新 (可能係加料補番個位)

您又會唔會想跟足? 別人都在吉針就算. 補呔吉針吉得多, 自然所有人都慣左補呔先吉針.

A. 內補係萬能

過去有兩個人打黎問我內補. 話內補唔係萬能既咩. 

如果我答係, 我一定收好貴. 

通常做得內補, 有9成都係我自己同車主提議俾我試, 個啲位通常都近呔肚位. 曾經幾次試過用左一個幾小時內補最後又成功左. 仲有個特登渣過黎話俾晒4條呔我試內補呔肚位(就算唔成功都照付內補價錢), 我補左3條, 係最後整左啲野又成功無漏氣. 

B. 未補都仲漏氣, 補完都仲漏氣

不過唔係次次中釘都一定補得到. 仲要唔知點解, 氣呔已經明明無晒氣, 都仲會有氣泡*出現 (睇下圖及影片)

*氣泡既出現係因為入面既空氣向出時遇上出面流入黎既水而做成. 最簡單既理解方法可以睇成魚缸入面既打氣泵, 空氣由氣泵入面出黎, 型成泡再浮向水面

(氣泡出現位置, 影片係下面)

(無晒氣都仲係到出緊泡)

曾經見過私家車呔都有同樣情況

(已經內補完後, 入面無氣, 都仲有泡)

        

補完都仲漏, 好多人見到都一定話補唔到. 但會唔會其實只係呔紋與呔之間仲繼續存在空氣? 

----------------------------------------------

Tire patch, every driver will surely experience at least once after driving for a few years. In Hong Kong, a simple plug from the external tire is a common patch in the private vehicle industry.

Yet, according to tire manufacturer association (from different countries) guideline,  

1. The correct way of tire patch is internal patch

According to British, U.S. tire manufacturer association, internal patch is the right way of repair. A plug is not considered a path.

However, a plug as a patch has become a habit in H.K. Even if you get a tow service to the agent repair center, they will still use a plug that cost you $100. An internal patch may take 15 minutes, or average 30 minutes, which may consider a long time for some HK drivers.

In addition, tire leak due to nails and screw happened more frequently than any other parts of the world. If an 15" China brand tyre only cost $500/tyre and a vehicle owner got a internal patch 3 times, the price for the patch can get him a new tyre.

Afterall, a plug may last 2 to 3 years (depending on situation). Most drivers may have their tire tread worn over these years.

2. Tire repair guideline states a size and sidewall cannot be repaired

According to U.S. tire manufacturer association, puncture injury cannot be over 6mm diameter. Repair areas limited to tread area only (picture below circle area is not considered puncture repair area).

British Tyre Manufacturer Association states that those area above considered major repair, and is required to be repaired by professional or remolded. 

A. Internal patch can resolve everything

Two separate people enquired about internal patch, saying that isn't internal patch can patch any area?

If I say yes, you will expect a really high price for this internal patch.

90% of the time, I normally ask vehicle owners to let me try for internal patch, normally at those near the sidewall. A person even asked me to try patching the sidewall and willing to pay even if I may fail to repair it. I patched 3 of them and succeeded.

B. Still leaking even without air, and after patch

Not all areas can be patched even at the tread area. Especially air is still leaking out even the tyre is without air inside.

(Air leaking area, video below)

(Bubble still coming out without air pressure inside)

The same thing has happened to a private vehicle tyre

(Bubble still popping after patch, and tyre without air)

        

In this situation, I believe all ppl will consider it as fail to patch. But, could it be just the air trapped inside at the hole area?

米芝蓮輪胎 RFID 已經全面覆蓋呔款 Michelin RFID is now embedded in all Michelin tyres models

 *English version below*

🙋米芝蓮 採用RFID 技術植入輪胎係幾年前首先已經發生係貨車輪胎 215/75 R17.5 既單向紋 9噸車輪胎. 而家, 應該大部分既米芝蓮呔, 不論行貨, 定水貨 (平行進口), 都有呢粒RFID 係到.

👀當年既我開心大發現, 以為作為消費者應該可以玩用到米芝蓮 RFID , 將消費服務再更張上層樓..... 點知......

米芝蓮 Pilot Sport 4 S, PS4S , RFID (紅色圈)

😠.......手機係讀取唔到呢粒 RFID. 作為一個IT人既我真係失敗. 居然讀唔到粒野. 對於大眾黎講更加冇可能讀到 (除非手上有部機讀到 超高頻 RFID). 即係粒野有得睇, 冇得玩. 

🔘RFID - Radio Frequency IDentification, 係好多年前既一種電子標籤 (IoT, internet of things), 用黎存資料既同時, 更方便被工具讀取信息. 好多國家既護照, 香港身份證, 信用卡paywave, 20幾年前八達通, 同埋機場貼係行李上有您既登機資料都係用緊 RFID. 

當年聽講機場用緊既RFID 成本係 HK$1 . 

好平?

試諗下每日機場要貼過幾百萬呢啲 RFID.....

🧳直到今日機場都仲用緊RFID, 因為現時只有RFID 可以係唔同方向(包括後面)過機時讀取信息. 唔似QR code 二維碼, 需要對住個碼去掃.

米芝蓮 Energy XM2+, RFID  (紅色圈)

米芝蓮今次植入粒RFID 係條呔到, 有晒所有關於條呔既資料, 包括車呔本身幾時出廠, 邊到製造, DOT資料等等. 仲有每一條呔都有佢自己獨特既 "身份號碼".  對於又係作為分析尸(師) 既我, 係輪胎行業內非常有利, 啲人更加唔駛驚又話係假呔....... 不過!!!!!!

唔知香港俾唔俾分銷商授權用米芝蓮個程式 去用呢粒RFID. 可能香港總代理都冇部機去讀.

😿

---------------------------------------

🙋Michelin implements RFID into tyre actually happened few years ago. I first saw it on a 9 tonnes truck tyre, 215/75 R17.5 directional tyre. Now, I think most of the Michelin models should have RFID embedded, whether it is Authorized Official or Parallel Imported (Grey market).

👀 I thought the RFID could be accessed by end users, improving tyre services....... yet.....

Michelin Pilot Sport 4 S, PS4S , RFID (circled in red)

😠....... mobile cannot read this RFID. I fail as a IT person as I am unable to access to this RFID. I do not think vehicle owners can even access to it unless you have a RFID scanner that can read ultra high RFID. In other words, we can only look at it but cannot manipulate it.

🔘RFID - Radio Frequency IDentification, is a long ago Internet of things to store information and easily read by tools. Your passport, Hong Kong ID card, credit card paywave, 20 something years ago Octopus card, and the label stick to your luggage when you check in , all use RFID.

The HK airport RFID COG was HK$1 at that time when I heard about it, and

more than a few million of it is used everyday at the airport.

🧳Airport is still using RFID as it is the only one available that can be scanned in different ways (including at the back) when it pass through the scanner. Unlike QR code or barcode that you need to scan it in front.

Michelin Energy XM2+, RFID  (circled in red)

Michelin embedded the RFID inside the tyre sidewall, contains all the information related to the tyre model such as manufacture date, origins, and DOT. Each tyre model has a unique identifier (like a ID number). This suppose gives me an advantage as an analysis in the tyre industry, not just simply proving to vehicle owners that THIS IS NOT A FAKE tyre...... However.....

It is not known if Hong Kong dealer is authorized to use the Michelin API program to scan the RFID. Perhaps even the sole agent do not have the tools to scan it.

😿

汽車指南 - 購買二手車準備 1/20 (會另外再更新) Vehicle Guide - Getting ready for purchasing second hand vehicle (1/20) (continuously update)

 *English version below*

係好多年前, 網上已經有英文版既檢查清單簡短提及到點樣去簡單地檢查二手車. 個份其實(基本)足夠應付平時購買二手車檢查.未再搵人再幫您核對之前, 自己隨時可能搵定另一部.

👀下面張睇車list, 可能只係真正睇車清單中的 1/40. 部車既價錢主宰有幾仔細去檢查部車. 如果部車只係一萬六的話, 唔駛檢查得非常詳細吧? 最緊要行得玩到一年兩年.

🚙雖然將來可能大家都唔會再睇二手車, (最近一部全新5人電動車都只係13萬, 您冇理由仲諗住買部12萬既二手吧?), 不過都可以照用黎參考拎全新車.

檢查
前呔及尾呔尺寸	所有牌子的車都需要檢查 前呔及尾呔尺寸   知道尺寸後仲可以即時去 https://www.tyrehood.com 搵番相同尺寸去睇到底一條呔係大約幾錢. 更易納入您既計算之內.
所有輪胎螺絲	1. 4條輪胎是否齊全 4粒/5粒 2. 是否為六角型 3. 當中一粒, 或所有, 是否有不同型狀 (有需要呔匙拆螺絲) (禁呢到睇下其中幾款鈴鎖) 注: 必需要上手車主交付呔匙俾您. 因某啲鈴鎖要另外再拆非常麻煩.
前, 後, 左, 右玻璃 (及天窗如有)	1. 是否有裂痕 (細/輕微都會有機會變大, 但呢啲通常都有得補) 2. 檢查玻璃製造年份. 通常都會有牌子連同標記係窗既右下角 / 左下角.  (待更新點睇製造年份) *若該處更換過玻璃 (玻璃製造年份與車輛製造年份不一致), 可從該處再仔細望清楚其他地方是否有破損地方.
左邊, 右邊 所有門 間隙是否不一	若發現有一扇門四邊間隙與其他不同,  可能對門曾經有換過 或 輕微鬆脫
前泵把, 尾泵把   (bumper), 及 前蓋	檢查與門相同 1. 是否間隙較大 2.  前蓋(引擎蓋) 間隙 (前左右) 是否不一 及/或 比其他間隙大. *該處可能需要用大力關, 或曾經換過.
前水撥 (雨括器)  , 尾水撥 (如有)	1. 水撥膠是否有甩 2. 試用水撥後是否能夠大致上清晰清走水 (待更新點睇水撥需要更換)
電池頭	1. 是否有(淺藍, 淺綠) 粉末鋪滿電池頭 2. 記下電池型號(最好影相), 以便日後更換 (可以禁入黎睇下電池款及型號參考) 知道電池款式尺寸後, 可以到 https://www.tyrehood.com/car-battery.php 睇下粒電大約幾錢. 放便您自己計算用車開支
車外燈	1. 霧燈 2. 頭燈 3. 高燈 4. 左右燈 5. (紅色)尾燈 6. 剎車燈 7. 後車燈 (部分車款只有一盞) 8. 泊車燈 9. 死火燈 (新款車仲有好多, 見到乜就試乜)
車內燈

可自行capscreen 放落部機自己對住睇. 我下次先再更新到apps 被大家剔. (我估好快會有人照抄落佢地blog 到)

張單仲可以繼續落.... 上述都係方便大家買車後要特別注意既地方. 

💲決定落訂 或 想即時買車過戶, 可以whatsapp 本人 5113 0668 查詢汽車第三保險. 確認付款後可即日取得暫保單 (Cover Note) 拎去處理過戶.

📃:

1. 就算係日本車, 因為好多時買家都可能唔清楚呔鈴是否跟車原裝. 上手車主有機會換呔鈴後, 前後使用不同尺寸輪胎. 

2a. 因為曾經發生過車主一直都唔知原來部車係少左一粒呔螺絲, 直至個條呔需要拆先發現.

2b. 都曾經發生過, 有一邊輪胎使用了鈴鎖, 另一邊只有普通六角螺絲. 當日無法即日拆卸輪胎.

--------------------------------------------------------------

A checklist for checking second hand vehicle was available online a long time ago. It was a basic brief checking which was sufficient for you to follow before you ask for an expert to inspect.

👀The following list is possibly 1/40 of a detailed checklist. The price of the vehicle determines how detailed you should check the vehicle. I believe you are not going to check very detail for a HK$16k second hand vehicle, are you? (as long as the engine is still fine, allow you to drive for a year and two)

🚙Even if more ppl may choose to puchase a brand new EV in the future (brand new EV for a 5 passenger cost only HK$130K !) , the below list can still be used to check your brand new vehicle.

Check
Front and rear tyre size	All brands of vehicle require this checking for front and rear size. You can check out the price of your tyre here after knowing your size. https://www.tyrehood.com/en/ This gives a general idea how much you will need to pay for your tyre.
All tyre screw	1. Are 4/5 pieces are intact for all four tyres 2. Are all of them hexagon 3. whether one of it or all of it are different shape instead of hexagon. (require wheel lock key to untighten)  (check out the wheel lock key here) Note: It's of paramount important for previous owner to give you the wheel lock key. Some wheel lock is troublesome to remove (by force)
Front, Rear, Left, Right windscreen (and top windscreen if available)	1. Is there crack (even a very small crack will get worse over time. But a small crack can be "repaired") 2. Check out the manufacture year. At the right or left bottom of the windscreen normally have a brand logo and other markings. (to be updated to find out the manufacture year) *If windscreen was replaced (its manufacture year is different from the vehicle year), you may want to check out that place in detail to see if there are other broken parts.
Left side , Right Side all doors gap	If you found the width of the gap is different from the rest of the doors, that particular door possibly was replaced, or is getting loose.
front and rear bumper, and front hood	1. Check out the width of the gap. 2. Is the gap of the front hood (left, front, right) the same throughout? *It might need a stronger force to close the hood, or it might be replaced
front and rear wiper blade (if any)	1. if the rubber tearing out of the blade? 2. is the window clean after wiping? (to be updated for checking wiper blade)
Battery terminal	1. Any light blue or green residue at the terminal 2. Mark down the battery model and size for future reference (take an image if possible) (Click here to find out how to look at battery) You can check out the battery price here: https://www.tyrehood.com/en/car-battery.php
Vehicle light	1. Fog light 2. Headlight 3. High beam light 4. Left and Right signal light 5. Red tail light 6. Brake light 7. Rear gear light (Some vehicle models only have one) 8. Parking Light 9. Emergency light (and more.... for newer vehicle models. Just try it.)
Vehicle inner light

Feel free to capscreen for your checking. Will update to apps for you to tick items. (The above probably copied to other ppl blog soon)

Items to check do not stop here... 

💲You may whatsapp me 5113 0668 to get vehicle insurance quote after confirming to purchase the vehicle. Cover note can be issued within that day.

📃:

1. Even for Japanese vehicle, some do not know if the rim is not an original equipped one. Previous owner might have use two different sizes for front and rear after installing after-market rim.

2a. A missing screw had happened to one of the vehicle owner after purchasing the vehicle. The person only realize it when went for a tyre patch

2b. Only one side of the tyres were tightened with a wheel lock key while the others only use normal hexagon screw. That person did not have a key with him to untighten the screw.

長期保險與一般保險之分. 點解要買保險? Long Term insurance vs General Insurance. Why purchase insurance?

 *English version below*

保險分長期及一般.

長期保險指, 保險計劃通常都係長遠(視計劃而定, 都會有時間限制), 終生, 及/或可以傳承(轉讓)給其他人. (通常都係個人保險)

保費通常固定 (都有每年增加, 視計劃而定), 例如人壽, 危疾, 儲蓄. 唔同計劃下, 係退保時 有/無現金價值.

保險公司不能單方面取消張保單 (除非出現隱瞞,詐騙行為等)

一般保險指, 保險隔左某段時間(通常一或兩年)後, 通常要續, 保險先會繼續生效. (自己中途取消唔會有保費拎番)

每一次保單就完結時保險公司通常都會發一個續保通知書問申請者要唔要繼續購買. 

保費有機會因為受保人年齡, 職業, 受保物件的年份等等多樣情況下作出調整 (重新核保). 也有可能通知申請人不再受保(通常因為受保人/物出現左高風險), 醫療保險除外 (醫保比較特別)

例如個人醫療保險, 汽車保險, 家居保險, 公司勞保, 旅遊保險等等.....

係商業項目管理 (Project Management) 中, 當發現負面風險(negative risk)又不能避免或減底風險時, 有時決定會將呢個負面風險作出轉移 (transfer risk), 而其中就轉去到保險公司身上. 當中包括商業險, 產品責任保險, 第三者保險等. 

除左商業保險外, 其他如家居保險, 個人保險亦如是。

咩時候需要買保險？ (係非商業世界下) 當您個刻(通常有事發生時)就覺得有需要。而呢啲時候往往都無可能買到保險。(已被視為高風險, 冇可能仲俾您買又要賠一大筆錢俾您吧?)。

個人保險(長期及醫療保險), 已購買的保單情況下不會因為受保人有事而不再續保. 

但一般保險例如汽車保險，申請人係好大機會於續保時被拒絕續保. 如果一間拒保, 其他拒保既機率都非常之大.

而係某啲一般保險、保險公司會要求申請人需要做啲野去減底風險先可以購買或續保。 

買保險係為左保障, 係您控制唔到既情況下, 可能發生既事情。 (包括投資而去買儲蓄保險因為自己唔識或冇時間). 至於係買左之後關於索償既問題就係另一樣野續一探討. 有興趣想討論下可以過黎整車個陣一齊傾下.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Long term insurance refers to a long period of time (depending on policy, it can have short period), a life long, and/or from generation to another generation period of time. (Normally personal insurance). 

Premium is normally fixed (depending on policy, it could be increasing premium), e.g. Life insurance, critical illness, saving etc. Some policy may / may not have cash value upon canceling policy.

Insurance company normally cannot cancel the policy on its own (unless fraudulent, hiding important information etc)

General insurance refers to insurance policy that needs to be renewed after a certain period (normally 1 - 2 years) in order to continue the insurance policy. (no refund will be made if cancel policy)

Insurance premium may be adjusted due to insured age, job, objects' age etc. It may also send out rejection letter to applicant that the insurance company no longer accept the insured object. (except medical insurance, which is different from other general insurance.)

General insurance examples include: personal medical insurance, vehicle insurance, home insurance, employee compensation insurance, travel insurance etc...

(in the business world) Under Project Management, risk response for negative risk, sometimes decisions will be made to transfer the risk to third party (e.g. insurance company). This includes product liability, third party insurance etc.

Transfer risk method also applies to your own belonging, and personal.

When is the time to purchase insurance？ (non business world) The moment when you think of in need to purchase insurance is normally the moment when something has happened. And that's the time you most likely cannot purchase any. (Considered as high risk)

Already purchased long term insurance (and medical) policy will not be affected after something has happened. But general insurance e.g. vehicle insurance may have a chance to reject applicant for renewal under high risk. Once you got a rejection letter, you have a high chance to get rejected by other insurance companies.

Some other general insurance may request applicant to do something to reduce risk before offering and accepting for purchase.

Insurance is to protect you under uncontrollable, undesired situation that might happen. (include purchasing saving insurance that's treated as investment to those who do not know how to or have time invest). Insurance claim is another big topic. Feel free to discuss with me when you come for services.

Falken 飛勁 日本製 FK520

 

**English version below**

由差評變好評, 見証住Falken 輪胎的改變. 當年的 FK453 就算係高性能輪胎的確係麻麻. 總會聽到唔少人話: 

"飛勁? 我聽出面啲人話差差地嫁喎." 

 "我自己試過啦, 不了"

直到FK510 既出現, 終於將輪胎既性能帶上一個層次. 先唔講係其他地區吹到呢款呔有幾勁. (講到真係好誇張, 又話可以拍得住 Michelin Pilot Sport 4 ), 裝過FK510 既車主, 大部分既人都揀再裝番. 當然有一批都係揀番大牌子. 係日本製輪胎當中, 價錢, 性能都吸引左唔少車主試. 特別係價錢上完勝同一間廠製造既 日本製  Dunlop Sport Maxx 050+ . 除非Sport Maxx 050+ 做大特價 (曾經以半折出售), 當年都好易係呢兩者作出選擇.

https://www.tyrehood.com/brands/falken/FK510.php

細尺寸既款式 ZE310 都採用左 FK510 既花紋, 可以睇得出飛勁做出黎既進步.

本身都好想試下FK510 既我, 個陣最後裝左 Dunlop Sport Maxx 050+. (做緊特價, 冇理由唔試麻..)

https://tyrehood.blogspot.com/2021/11/dunlop-sport-maxx-050-high-performance.html

直到兩年前, 全新款FK520 推出, 續一取代FK510. 全新花紋令行車嘈音降底. (按理上咬地性能都應該有增加, 不過有人話好似冇乜分別.) 而我, 終於都裝左 4條 FK520 落部車到.

尺寸: 225/50 R18

型號: Falken FK520

汽車型號: Toyota Vellfire Hybrid

1) 舒適: 中至高等. 始終係高性能輪胎. 但係絕對係唔差.

2) 聲音: 中等偏靜. 但對於平時播歌既我, 就算用手機開youtube 都聽得清. (我部sony android 開speaker 唔係太大聲的)

3) 濕地: 100km/h 上天橋轉彎中間個塊鐵皮都好隱陣. 

4) 耐用度: 同FK510 一樣算係正常損耗速度.

雖說呢款呔係非常岩我, 但非所有人都一定岩用. e.g. 有個客反映 Yokohama V701 既濕地性能始終都係較優勝. 

(**V701 係單向紋, 單向紋濕地一向係最出色

https://tyrehood.blogspot.com/2020/09/tyre-pattern-overview.html )

部分尺寸未有提供FK520, 只有FK510 仲繼續銷售. FK520 比FK510 貴左大約 $50 - $100/條. 而有部分尺寸既FK520 貴過 Dunlop Sport Maxx 060+. 對於兩者都出自於同一間廠, 自己好難唔去成日比較呢兩款既價錢. 從而變得 Sport Maxx 060+ 有機會較岩價錢既心水.

港車北上絕對係其一必備輪胎. 點解走長途要用好啲既呔? 因為走高速少不免一定過 120km/h. 所需同香港大有分別. 因為想慳錢, 求其裝不知名既牌子的話... 其實會唔會係香港裝番更出名既 賽輪 中國製會更好?

#個人保險牌照  JH7091

#強積金中介人牌照: 156845

 #輪胎氣壓感應器 #替代原配氣壓感應器 #替代原裝氣壓感應器

#汽車保險 (#私家車, #貨車, #電單車) #旅遊保險 #工程保險 #個人保險 #團體醫療保險 #勞保 #醫保 

------------------------------

From negative to positive feedback. Experiencing how Falken tyres change its performance from its old model high performance tyre FK453, to the latest model FK510, and FK520. Back in the past, there are still some saying :

"Falken? I heard its performance is bad"

"I tried it before. Nah"

The release of FK510 finally gives a good impression to the drivers. Neglect how it was exaggerated about its performance in other markets (some said that its performance is on par with Michelin Pilot Sport 4 on other markets), those who installed FK510 chose to keep using it for the next replacement. 

Still, there are some preferred back a higher top brands. Under the category of Made in Japan, its pricing and performance attracts quite a lot of drivers to try out. Especially the pricing won over its counterparts Dunlop Sport Maxx 050+ in which it was manufactured at the same factory. Unless Sport Maxx 050+ had a great promotion (there was a time it was sold half the original price), it's easy to choose between the two.

https://www.tyrehood.com/en/brands/falken/FK510.php

Even ZE310 (which only offers smaller size) copied FK510 tread pattern. It can be referenced how big a improvement has made for Falken.

Although FK510 received numerous great feedback, I chose Dunlop Sport Maxx 050+. (with promotion at that time.)

https://tyrehood.blogspot.com/2021/11/dunlop-sport-maxx-050-high-performance.html

Two years ago, a new model FK520 released to replace FK510. New tread pattern reduces noise level. A few comments on its quietness but performance seems to be the same. It's finally my turn to try out Falken tyre.

Size: 225/50 R18

Model: Falken FK520

Vehicle: Toyota Vellfire Hybrid

1) Comfort: Mid to high level. It's high performance tyre afterall. 

2) Noise: Considered quiet. I still can hear my android phone play youtube with speaker on (sony android phone speaker volume is not that high level)

3) Wet performance: No problem with 100km/h crossing the bridge metal connection.

4) Durability: No difference with FK510 

It may suit my requirement does not mean it suit everyone's. A customer comments that Yokohama V701 wet performance is still better than FK520.

(**V701 is directional tread pattern. Directional pattern has good wet performance compared to others.

https://tyrehood.blogspot.com/2020/09/tyre-pattern-overview.html )

Some sizes do not have FK520 available. FK520 is more expensive than FK510 by around $50 - $100/tyre. With some sizes more expensive than Dunlop Sport Maxx 060+. It's hard for me not to compare these two. Afterall they comes from the same manufacturer. 

In conclusion, Falken FK520 is one of the must installed tyres for North Bound Travel. It might be unavoidable to travel over 120km/h for highway. North Bound travel needs a higher requirement for tyres. Even if you want to get your expenses lower by installing an unknown brand, will it be better to install the China brand Sailun (top 10 tyre brands in value) in Hong Kong

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